Simple maze

Maze Generator in C++

Simple maze generator written in 10 minutes :) The source code is public domain.

// Simple Maze Generator in C++ by Jakub Debski '2006 

#include <time.h>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{ 
   srand(time(0)); 

   const int maze_size_x=80; 
   const int maze_size_y=25; 
   vector < vector < bool > > maze; 
   list < pair < int, int> > drillers; 

   maze.resize(maze_size_y); 
   for (size_t y=0;y<maze_size_y;y++) 
           maze[y].resize(maze_size_x); 

   for (size_t x=0;x<maze_size_x;x++) 
           for (size_t y=0;y<maze_size_y;y++) 
                   maze[y][x]=false; 

   drillers.push_back(make_pair(maze_size_x/2,maze_size_y/2)); 
   while(drillers.size()>0) 
   { 
           list < pair < int, int> >::iterator m,_m,temp; 
           m=drillers.begin(); 
           _m=drillers.end(); 
           while (m!=_m) 
           { 
                   bool remove_driller=false; 
                   switch(rand()%4) 
                   { 
                   case 0: 
                           (*m).second-=2; 
                           if ((*m).second<0 || maze[(*m).second][(*m).first]) 
                           { 
                                   remove_driller=true; 
                                   break; 
                           } 
                           maze[(*m).second+1][(*m).first]=true; 
                           break; 
                   case 1: 
                           (*m).second+=2; 
                           if ((*m).second>=maze_size_y || maze[(*m).second][(*m).first]) 
                           { 
                                   remove_driller=true; 
                                   break; 
                           } 
                           maze[(*m).second-1][(*m).first]=true; 
                           break; 
                   case 2: 
                           (*m).first-=2; 
                           if ((*m).first<0 || maze[(*m).second][(*m).first]) 
                           { 
                                   remove_driller=true; 
                                   break; 
                           } 
                           maze[(*m).second][(*m).first+1]=true; 
                           break; 
                   case 3: 
                           (*m).first+=2; 
                           if ((*m).first>=maze_size_x || maze[(*m).second][(*m).first]) 
                           { 
                                   remove_driller=true; 
                                   break; 
                           } 
                           maze[(*m).second][(*m).first-1]=true; 
                           break; 
                   } 
                   if (remove_driller) 
                           m = drillers.erase(m); 
                   else 
                   { 
                           drillers.push_back(make_pair((*m).first,(*m).second)); 
                           // uncomment the line below to make the maze easier 
                           // if (rand()%2) 
                           drillers.push_back(make_pair((*m).first,(*m).second)); 

                           maze[(*m).second][(*m).first]=true; 
                           ++m; 
                   } 
           } 
   } 

   // Done 
   for (size_t y=0;y<maze_size_y;y++) 
           for (size_t x=0;x<maze_size_x;x++) 
           { 
                   if (maze[y][x]==true) 
                           printf("."); 
                   else 
                           printf("#"); 
           } 

   return 0; 
}

Example

######.........#.#.......#.....#...#.....#.........#.#...#.#.......#.......##### 
######.#.###.#.#.#.#######.#.#####.#.###.#.#.#####.#.###.#.#.#######.########### 
.....#.#.#...#.#.........#.#.#.....#.###...#.#.....#.......#.......#.....####### 
.#.#.###.#.#####.#.#.#######.#.#.#.#.#####################.#.###.#######.####### 
.#.#.#...#...#...#.#...#.#.#.#.#.#.#.........#.....#...........#.#.............# 
####.#.#######.#######.#.#.#.#.#.#######.#.#.#.#.#.#.#######.#######.#######.#.# 
##...#...#####.#.#####.#...#...#.#...#.#.#.#...#.#...###...#.#.......#.......#.# 
####.###.#####.#.#####.#.###.#.###.###.#.#.###.#########.#####.###.############# 
.........###.#.....###.#...#.#.#.#.......#.#...#...#.#.#.#.......#.###...#.....# 
########.###.#.#.#.###.#.#.###.#.#.#####.#.###.#.###.#.#.#.#.###.#####.###.#.### 
.......#.....#.#.#.#...#.#...........#...#.#.....#.......#.#...#.#.........#...# 
####.#.#.#####.#.###.#######.#######.###.#.#.###.#.#####.#.#####.#.#.#####.##### 
...#.#.#.......#...#.....#.....#.#...#####.#...#.......#.#...#.....#...#.#.....# 
##.###.#.#.#.###.#####.#.#####.#.#.#######.#####.#####.#.###.#.###.#####.#####.# 
##...#...#.#.#.......#.#.....#...#.......#...#...#.....#.....#...#...........#.# 
####.#.###########.###.#.###.#####.#######.###.###########.###.###.#####.###.### 
####...###.....#...#.#.#...#...........###...#.###...#.###.###...#.....#.#.....# 
####.#####.#######.#.###.###.#.#####.#.#############.#.###.#####.#####.#.###.### 
####.........#.#...#.....#.#.#.#.....#.###.#...#.............#...#####.#...#...# 
######.#.#####.#.###.#.#.#.###.#######.###.#.#####.###.#################.####### 
######.#...#.#.....#.#.#.#...#...###...###.....#...#.......#########...#.......# 
######.###.#.#####.#####.#.###.#.###.#.###.#.###.###.#####.#########.#########.# 
######.#.#.#...###...#...#.#.#.#...#.#.....#.#.#...#.###...#########...#.......# 
########.#.###.#######.#.#.#.###.#######.###.#.#####.###############.#.###.##### 
########...###.........#.#.......#######.#.....#####.......#########.#.........#

Maze Generator in Perl

This is a complete recursive backtracking maze generator in Perl:

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;

no warnings 'recursion';
no warnings 'uninitialized';

use List::Util qw/shuffle/;

### Constants

my ( $WIDTH, $HEIGHT ) = ( 50, 30 );

my %DIRECTION = (
    N => { dy => -1, opposite => 'S' },
    S => { dy => 1,  opposite => 'N' },
    E => { dx => 1,  opposite => 'W' },
    W => { dx => -1, opposite => 'E' },
);

### Code

my $map = carve( [], $WIDTH / 2, $HEIGHT / 2, 'E' );
print output($map);

sub carve {
    my ( $map, $x0, $y0, $direction ) = @_;

    my $x1 = $x0 + $DIRECTION{$direction}{dx};
    my $y1 = $y0 + $DIRECTION{$direction}{dy};

    return if $x1 == 0 or $x1 == $WIDTH or $y1 == 0 or $y1 == $HEIGHT;
    return if defined $map->[$x1][$y1];

    $map->[$x0][$y0]{$direction} = 1;
    $map->[$x1][$y1]{ $DIRECTION{$direction}{opposite} } = 1;

    carve( $map, $x1, $y1, $_ ) for shuffle keys %DIRECTION;

    return $map;
}

sub output {
    my ($map) = @_;

    my $output = '';
    for my $y ( 0 .. $HEIGHT ) {
        for my $x ( 0 .. $WIDTH ) {
            if ( defined $map->[$x][$y] ) {
                $output .= $map->[$x][$y]{S} ? ' ' : '_';
                $output .= $map->[$x][$y]{E} ? ' ' : '!';
            }
            else {
                $output .= '##';
            }
        }
        $output .= "\n";
    }
    $output =~ s/_ /__/gs;

    return $output;
}

Example

$ ./perl-generator.pl
######################################################################################################
##  ______   !  ________ !  __ !    __ !  __ ! !    __ !    ___!    _!  __ !  ____   !   !    __ ! !##
##______ ! !___!  ______ !___!___! !__ ! ! ! !  _! !  _! !_______!_____! ! !____ ! !___! !_! !  ___!##
##    _! ! !______ !   !________ !__ !_! ! ! !__ ! !  _! !__  ______ !  _!__  _! ! !_________!_!   !##
## ! !  _! !   !___! !__ !  _!  _!   !  _! !__ !_! ! !  _____!  __ ! !  __ ! !  _! !  ______ !  _! !##
## !_____!__ ! !  ___!  _!   !  ___!_!__  ___!__ ! !_!__ !   ! !   ! !___! ! !__ ! !__ !__ !_____! !##
##_!  ____ ! ! !__ ! !__ ! ! ! !  ____ ! !  _____! !  ___! ! ! ! ! !______ !  _! !_____!   ! !  ___!##
##  _!__ ! !_!  _!____ ! ! ! ! !__ ! !___!______ !__ !  ___! !_! !____ ! ! !_____!  __ ! !___!____ !##
##  __ !______ !  _____! !_!_____!______ !__  _!__ ! ! !   ! !  _!   !__ ! !__  ___!  _!__ !  __ ! !##
##___!__ !  ___! ! !  ___!  ________  _!__ ! !   ! ! ! ! ! ! !  ___!__ ! ! !  _!   !____ ! ! !____ !##
##   !  _!____ !__ !__ !  _!______ !_______! ! !__ !_! !_! ! !__ ! !  _!_! ! !  _!____ !__ ! !   ! !##
## ! ! !   !  ___!__ ! !____ !   !__ !  __   ! !___!  _!  _! ! !__ ! !   ! ! !__ ! !  ___! !___! ! !##
## ! ! ! ! !  _!  ___!  __ !___! !  _! !  _! !____ ! !____ ! !_____!___!_____!  _! !____ ! ! !  _! !##
## !___!_!__ !  _!   !__ ! !__ ! !_____! ! ! !   ! ! !  ___!____   !  __ !__ ! !    __ !___! ! !__ !##
## !  ____ !_!__ !_!  _! ! !   !______ ! !___! ! !_____!  ____ ! !___!  _!  _! !_!   !__  ___!__ !_!##
## ! !   !____ !__ ! !  _!___!_____!  _! !  ___! !__ !  _!  _! !_____! ! !   !__ !_! ! ! !  __ !__ !##
## !___! !   !_____! !____ !  _______! !  _!__ ! !  _!__ !__ !_________!  _!__ ! !  _!__ !__ !____ !##
## !  ___! !  _!  __  __ !___!   !  __ ! !    _! ! !  ___!   !   !____ ! !__ !___! !   !__ !____ ! !##
## !__ ! ! ! !  _! !__ !_____! !_____!_____! !   !___!    _!___! !  ___!________  _! !__ !___!  _! !##
##  _! !  _!___!____ !____ !  ___!  __ !  ___! !__ !  _!__   !  _!______________ !  _! !_______! ! !##
##  ___! !__  ____ !  __ ! ! !  ___!  _!__ ! !__ !_! !   !_! ! !     !    ____ !_! !  __ !  __  _! !##
## !   !__ ! !   ! ! ! ! !___! !  _!____ !__ ! ! !  _! ! !  _! ! ! ! ! ! !   !_____! ! ! ! !  _!  _!##
## !_!____ ! ! !___!  _!__   ! !    ___! ! !__ ! ! !  _!___!  _! ! !___!_! ! !__  _!__ ! ! !__ !__ !##
##______ !___!____ ! !    _!_! ! !_______!____ ! ! !____ ! ! !___!____   ! !__ ! !  ___! ! ! !__ ! !##
##  ___!____ !____ !_! ! !  ___!____________ ! !___!  ___!  _!   !   ! !___!  _!  _!  __ !____ !___!##
## !   !  ___!   !  ___!_! !  ________ !  ___!_!  ___!__ ! !  _!___! !_!  ___!___!  _!  _____! !__ !##
##  _!___!  ___! !_!  _____! !__  _!  _! !  __  _!     ! ! !__ !   ! !  _!__  _____!  ___!   !__ ! !##
##_________!  ___!  _!    _!__ !__ !__ ! !___! !  _! !___!_____! !_!___!  ___!__  _____!  _!__ !__ !##
##  ______ ! !____ ! ! !__ !  _!   !  _!_______! ! !__ !  __  _!  ______ !  __ !_!   !  _!   !  _! !##
##_______!_________!_____!_______!_!_________________!_____!___________!_____!_____!_______!_!_____!##
######################################################################################################

More examples

Backtracking

The following patch will force a backtrack every 50 steps:

@@ -20,9 +20,22 @@ my %DIRECTION = (
 my $map = carve( [], $WIDTH / 2, $HEIGHT / 2, 'E' );
 print output($map);

+my ( $steps, $backtrack ) = ( 0, 0 );
+
 sub carve {
     my ( $map, $x0, $y0, $direction ) = @_;

+    $steps++;
+
+    if ( $steps > 1 and $steps % 50 == 0 ) {
+        $backtrack = 20;
+    }
+
+    if ( $backtrack > 0 ) {
+        $backtrack--;
+        return;
+    }
+
     my $x1 = $x0 + $DIRECTION{$direction}{dx};
     my $y1 = $y0 + $DIRECTION{$direction}{dy};

The result will be much more interesting maze, with a more natural, cave-like appearance:

$ ./perl-generator.pl
######################################################################################################
########     !  _!______  _!    __ !   ! !    __________ !##########   !    ____ !  __ ! !############
########_! !___!   !#### !  _!_!  __ ! !  _!__ !  ___!  _!  ___! !  _! ! !_!   !___!##___!############
##   !##  ____ ! ! !   !___!__  _!  _! !_!    _! !#### !## !  ___!  _!____ ! !__ !####################
## !__ !____ !  _! ! !____   !__ !__ ! !  _! !  _!####_!  _!____ ! !   !__ !_!## !####################
## !       ! ! !___!  ___! !_____!  _!___!##  _!  ____  _!    ___!_! !__ !  _!  ____ !################
## ! ! ! !___! !__  _!  ___!######___!    _! !## !__ ! !  _! !   !## ! ! ! !  _!  __ !################
## ! ! !____ !__ ! !_______!######__ ! !____ !_______! ! !  _!_!__ !___!_____!  _!##__ !##############
## ! !__ ! !__ !  __ !############## !_!   !________ !  _! !   !  _!   !##   !______ ! !##############
##_!   !__ ! !_! !  _!######____ !## !  _!__ !  _____! !__  _!__ !  _! !  _! !  _! ! !__   !##########
##  _! ! !_____!_!__ !########  _!  _!_!  _!__ ! !______ ! ! !  _!_!  _! !     !  _!_!  _! !##########
##   !____ !##_______!######  _!  _!  ___!  _!  _!####  _! !______  _! !_! ! !_!____ ! !  ___!########
## ! !##  _!##########  _!   !____ !__ !__________  ___!____ ! ! ! !  ____ ! !    _! ! !__ !  _!   !##
## ! !##__ !####  _____!  _!____  _!   !  __ !____ !  __ ! !___! ! !____ ! !___!____   !___!_____! !##
## !____ !_!#### !__ !   !__ !  _!  _! !__ !  __ !___!_____! ! !  _!__ ! !_! !  __ ! !__ !  ______ !##
## !  __ !   ! !__ !   !__ !_____!__ !__ ! !__ ! !____ !  __ ! ! !  __ !_____! !_____! !___! !   ! !##
##_! ! !__ ! !__ ! ! !___!____ !  ____ !___!  _!____ ! !__ ! !___! !___!##   !  ____ ! !   !___!__ !##
## ! ! !  _!_____! !__ !  __ !___!#### !__ ! ! !    _!_____!____  _!  _!   !_!__ !   ! ! ! !  _____!##
##  ___! !  _!__  _!  ___!___!########____ !___! !   !  ____ !  _!   !  _!_!   !_! ! ! ! !_!__ !   !##
##_!  ___! !##    ___!   !##############  _!  ___! !___!   !_! !  _!_! !   ! !__ ! !___!__ !  _! !_!##
##  _!  ___!  _!_______! !##############_!## !####_______!  ____ !  ____ ! ! ! !_!______ !_______! !##
##  ___!   !__ ! !   !  _!##################_!####____  _!__ !___! !   ! ! !__  ______ ! !  __ ! ! !##
## !  ___!  _!___!_! !   !   !######################## !   !  __ !__ ! ! !___!______ ! ! !__ !___! !##
## ! ! ! !  ____   !  _!___! !######################## ! ! !__ !__ !_! !__  ____ !  _! !  ______ ! !##
## !   ! !____ ! !__  _!__ ! !########################___! !  _! ! !  _! !__ !##___!  ___!    _! ! !##
## ! ! ! !#### !__ !   !  _!___!######################  __ !__ !__  _!____ ! !####  _!  ___!  _____!##
## ! ! ! !####_!## !_! ! !############################__ !   !  _!____ !## ! !##  _!## ! !  ___! !####
## ! !___!##_______!  _! !############################  _! !______ !## !##___!## ! !___! ! !   !__ !##
##  _!##   ! !  ___!__ !__ !########################## ! ! !   !  _!## !######___!____  _!__ !__ ! !##
##_______!___!_____________!##########################___!_!_!___!####_____!##########_______!##___!##
######################################################################################################

Chambers

This patch will create a chamber in the middle of the maze:

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ my %DIRECTION = (
 );

 my $map = carve( [], $WIDTH / 2, $HEIGHT / 2, 'E' );
+create_chamber( $map, $WIDTH / 2, $HEIGHT / 2 );
 print output($map);

 my ( $steps, $backtrack ) = ( 0, 0 );
@@ -50,6 +51,23 @@ sub carve {
     return $map;
 }

+sub create_chamber {
+    my ( $map, $x0, $y0, $w, $h ) = @_;
+
+    $w //= int( rand(2) + 1 ) * 2;
+    $h //= int( rand(2) + 1 ) * 2;
+
+    for my $x ( $x0 - $w / 2 .. $x0 + $w / 2 ) {
+        for my $y ( $y0 - $h / 2 .. $y0 + $h / 2 ) {
+            $map->[$x][$y]{S} = 1;
+            $map->[$x][$y]{E} = 1;
+
+            $map->[$x][$y]{N} = $map->[$x][ $y - 1 ]{S};
+            $map->[$x][$y]{W} = $map->[ $x - 1 ][$y]{S};
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 sub output {
     my ($map) = @_;

This will generate a hub in the middle of the maze, connecting several paths:

$ ./perl-generator.pl #3
######################################################################################################
##  __  _!   !  __  ____ !  ________ !____    __ !    ___!    __ !    ___!  __    ___!  __ !  __   !##
##_!   !  _!___! !____ !__ !  __ !______ !_!__ ! ! !_______! ! ! !_!________ ! !_!  ___!   ! ! ! ! !##
##  _!_!____ !  ___!  _!  _!  _!__ ! !  _______! !____  _!  _!______ !  __ ! ! !  _!  _! ! ! ! ! !_!##
## !    __ ! !____ ! !___!  _!  ___!  _!  __ ! ! !__ ! !  _!   !   !___!  _!_!  _!__ !  _!_! ! !__ !##
##  _! !___! !  ___! !   ! ! ! !  _! ! ! ! ! !_______! ! !  _!___!__ ! !____ !__  ___!__ !  ___!  _!##
## ! ! !  _____!  ___! !___! ! !__  ___! ! !________ ! ! !__ !   !  _!  __ !__ !_!  __ !  _!   !__ !##
##__ ! !____ !   !   ! !____ !__ !___!  ______ !__ !___!_____! ! !__ !__ ! !  _!  _! ! !__ ! !_____!##
##  _!____ ! ! !_! !___!   !   !____ ! !   !________ !   !  ___! ! !__ !_!_______!   ! !___!____   !##
##__ !  ___! !_____!__  _!___!__ ! !___! !____ !  ___! !___!  ___!__ !____ !  __  _! ! !  ____ !_! !##
## ! !____ ! !______  _!  __ !  _!  __ ! !__ ! !____ !__ ! !____ !    _!  _!  _! !___!___!   ! !   !##
## ! !  _!___!  __ ! ! !__ !___!___!  _!__ ! !__ !_______! !  ___! !_!  _! ! !  _!    _____!_! ! !_!##
## ! !____   !   !___!____________ !____ ! !               !__ !  _!  _!  ___!_____!____   !  _!__ !##
## !____ ! !___!____   !  ____ !____  ___!__               !  _! !  _!__ !  __ !  ____ ! !_________!##
##    _! !_!  ____ !_! !____ !__ !___!  ____              _!__ ! !____ ! !__ !___! !   !_!  ______ !##
## !_____!  _!______ !____ !__ ! !  ___!  __              __________ ! ! !  _!____ ! ! !  _!   ! ! !##
##__ !  _!  ______ !____ ! !  _!__ !   !____               !  ____ ! ! !_! !  ____ ! !_!_____!__ ! !##
## ! ! !  _____!  _!__ ! !___!   !_! ! !                   !   !  _!_!__  _!__ ! ! !____ !    _! ! !##
##  _!  _!   !  _!__   !_______!__ ! !___!_!              _!_! !______ !____ ! ! !__ ! !___! !  _! !##
## !___!  _!___!  ___! !  _________!____ !  _! !___!  __  _____!  _!  _!____ ! ! !  _______!__ !   !##
##____ ! !   !   !_____!____ !  ______ ! ! !__   !  _!  _!  __ !   ! !  __ ! ! !___!  ______ !_! ! !##
##   !__ ! ! !_! !  __________ !  __ !__ !__ !_!___!  _!  _!  _! ! ! !__ ! !___!   ! !   !_______! !##
## !__ ! ! !__ !_______!  __ !_!__ ! !_____!____ !  _!  _!  _!  _! ! !  _!____ ! ! !___! !   !  _! !##
##  _!___!__ ! !  _______! !__ !  _!______  __ !___!   !___!  _! ! ! !   !   !___!____ !  _! !   ! !##
## !  _______!___!____ !     ! !__ !  __ ! !___!  ___!____ ! !  _!___! !___!______ !  _!_!  _! !___!##
## ! !__  ______ !   !___! ! !_____!___! !____ !__ !   ! !___!____   !_!  _________! !__  _! !__ ! !##
## !_____!  _____! !____ ! ! !__  __  ______ !__ ! ! !__________ ! !_____!  __  ___!_____!__   ! ! !##
## !   ! !______ ! !__  _! !__ !__ !__ !   ! ! !___! !  __ !   ! !____ ! ! !   !  __ !  __  _!_! ! !##
##___!__ !   !  _!__ ! !__ !  _!_____! ! ! !__ !_______!  _! !_!____ ! !  _! !_! ! ! !__ !__ !  _! !##
##_________!_!_______!_____!___________!_!_______________!_____________!___!_______!_______!_______!##
######################################################################################################

Putting everything together

$ ./perl-generator.pl #4
######################################################################################################
####################     !   !    __  ______  _!   ! !  __ !   !######################################
####################_! !_! !  _!__ !  __ !## !  _!______ ! ! !______ !################################
######################_____!  ___! !  _! !  _!  ___!   !_!  _!   !___!################################
######################__ !## !  ___! !  _! !## !  __ !__ !__ ! !____ !################################
######################## !  _!_!__ ! ! ! !_!##_!   !__ !____ !   !___!################################
########################___!##    _! ! !____    _!___!____ !___!__ !   !##############################
############################## ! !   !____ ! !_!  __ ! !  _!_________!_!##############################
############################  _!  _! !   ! !   ! ! !_! ! !__    ____ !   !   ! !######################
########################## !___!___! ! !_! ! !___!__   !_!  _!_!    _! !___! ! !################__ !##
##########################________ ! ! !  ___!__   ! !__ ! !##  _!  ___!   !___!############   ! ! !##
################################## ! ! !    _____! !__ !___!  _!  _!_____! !__ !##########___! ! ! !##
##################################__ ! ! !__ !_____! !__ !##___!__ !__  _!__ ! !##########  ___! ! !##
####################################___!__ !__ !   !__ ! !########__ !__  __ !__ !    __ !__  __ ! !##
####################################_______!            __ !####   !__ ! !  _!##___! !_______!   ! !##
##################################  _!##  ___!          ___!  ___!_!  _! ! !#### !  _!  ____ !_!__ !##
################################## !__ !__  __          __  _!  __ !   !_! !##  _! !  ___!   !   !_!##
####################__ !   !###### !  _!___!  ________________ ! !_! !__ ! !##__ !  _!    _! ! !___!##
##################   !__ ! !###### !   !  ___________!______ ! ! !  _! ! ! !   !__  _! !_! !___!######
########  ___!#### !__ ! !  ____ ! ! ! !   !  __  ________ ! !_!___! !  _! ! !__ ! !  _!##__ !########
######  _!____ !___!  ___! !  ___! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !   !_____!____  _____!   ! !## !_! !###### !  ___!##
######__ !   !  _!  _! !  _!_____! ! !__ ! ! ! ! ! ! !________ !__ !  ___!____ !__ !__ !  ___! !######
######  ___!___!  __ ! !____  __  __  _! !___!____ !__ !  __ !__ ! ! !  _!  ____ !  _____!  _! !######
##    _!  _________!______ !_! ! !___!  _!  ____ !   !_! !  ____ ! !___!  _!__  _!____  __  ___!######
## !_____!  ______ ! !__ !_____!____ ! ! !__  _!___!  ___! !   !_! ! !  ____ !______ ! ! ! ! ! !######
## !   !__    __ !___!  _!########## !___!  _!  _______! !___!__  _! ! ! !  _!    _!_!_! ! ! ! !######
##__ !_____! ! !_______!############ !##___! ! !####   ! !  __ !   !___!__  _! !_!  _____! ! ! !######
##  _!   !  _!____ !##############___!######___!#### !___! ! !___!__  ______ ! !##____  ___! !____ !##
## !  _! !  __ !  _!################################____  _!__ !__ ! !____ ! !  ____  _!  ______ ! !##
##___!___!___!___!######################################_________!___!####___!_____!_____!_________!##
######################################################################################################

Maze Generator in Javascript

The following code was based on the original Perl implementation:

#!/usr/bin/env node

(function () {
    var mazeGenerator = {
        map    : [],
        WIDTH  : 50,
        HEIGHT : 30,

        DIRECTIONS : {
            'N' : { dy: -1, opposite: 'S' },
            'S' : { dy:  1, opposite: 'N' },
            'E' : { dx:  1, opposite: 'W' },
            'W' : { dx: -1, opposite: 'E' }
        },

        prefill : function () {
            for (var x = 0; x < this.WIDTH; x++) {
                this.map[x] = [];
                for (var y = 0; y < this.HEIGHT; y++) {
                    this.map[x][y] = {};
                }
            }
        },

        shuffle : function (o) {
            for(var j, x, i = o.length; i; j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i), x = o[--i], o[i] = o[j], o[j] = x);
            return o;
        },

        carve : function (x0, y0, direction) {
            //console.log('[%d, %d, "%s"]', x0, y0, direction);

            var x1 = x0 + (this.DIRECTIONS[direction].dx || 0),
                y1 = y0 + (this.DIRECTIONS[direction].dy || 0);

            if (x1 == 0 || x1 == this.WIDTH || y1 == 0 || y1 == this.HEIGHT) {
                return;
            }

            if ( this.map[x1][y1].seen ) {
                return;
            }

            this.map[x0][y0][ direction ] = true;
            this.map[x1][y1][ this.DIRECTIONS[direction].opposite ] = true;
            this.map[x1][y1].seen = true;

            var directions = this.shuffle([ 'N', 'S', 'E', 'W' ]);
            for (var i = 0; i < directions.length; i++) {
                this.carve(x1, y1, directions[i]);
            }
        },

        output : function () {
            var output = '';
            for (var y = 0; y < this.HEIGHT; y++) {
                for (var x = 0; x < this.WIDTH; x++) {
                    output += ( this.map[x][y].S ? ' ' : '_' );
                    output += ( this.map[x][y].E ? ' ' : '!' );
                }
                output += '\n';
            }
            output = output.replace(/_ /g, '__');
            console.log(output);
        }
    };

    mazeGenerator.prefill();
    mazeGenerator.carve(mazeGenerator.WIDTH/2, mazeGenerator.HEIGHT/2, 'N');
    mazeGenerator.output();
})();

Example

$ ./javascript-generator.js
_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!_!
_!  ______ !  ________  ________ !  ______ !    __ !  ________  __ !____  ___!    _!   !  ____ !   !
_!______ ! ! !   !   !_!   !__  _! !__ !  _! ! ! ! !____  _!  _! !____ !_______! !  _! !____ !___! !
_! !  ___! ! ! !___!_____!__ !___!____ !_____! ! !__ ! ! !  _! !  __ !________ !  _! ! !  ___! !  _!
_! !____ ! !____  ________ !__ !  __ !__ !   ! ! !  _!  _!__ !____ !__ !  __ ! !____ !___!__   !__ !
_! !   ! !__ ! ! !  ____ !___! ! ! !_____! !_! !____ !_____!  __ !___! !__ !___!   !________ !___! !
_!  _! !  _! ! ! !____ !____ !__________ !__ !__ !________ !_!  _!  _____!____ ! !___!   !  _!  ___!
_! ! !___!  _!_____!  _!__ !______ !   !__ !  _!__ !     ! !  _!  _!  ____ !  _!____  _!_____!____ !
_! !__ !  _!  ____ !____ !  __   ! ! ! ! ! !__ !  _!_! !_! ! !  _!  _!  ___! !  __ ! !  ______ !   !
_!__ ! !_____!__ !    _! !_!   !_!___! !____ ! !____ !_______!  ___! !_______!__ ! !_!____ ! !___! !
_! !____ !____   ! !_!  _!   !_!  __ !   !__ !   !  _!  ____ ! !  ______ !  __ ! !_________! !   ! !
_! !   !_______! !_____!__ ! !  _! ! ! !__ !___! !_____!__ ! !___! !   ! ! ! ! !   !  __  __ ! !___!
_!  _!______   !__ !____  _!_! !   ! ! ! !____ ! !  _______!__ !_____! ! ! !  _!_! !__ ! !___! !  _!
_!____ !  ___!__ !__ !   !  ___! ! ! !__ !  ___!___!  ______ !______ !_____! !  ___! ! !____ ! !   !
_! !  _!__ !   ! ! !___! !__ !__ !_! !___!__  __ !  _!    _! !  __ !  __ !_____! !   ! !   ! ! !_! !
_!  _____! !_! !  _____! ! !__ !  ________ !___!  __ ! ! !  _!   ! !___! !  __ !___! !___! !___!  _!
_! !  __ !__ ! ! !   !  _!   ! !___!  __ !_______!  _!_! ! ! ! ! !_______! ! !__ !   !  ___! !  __ !
_!_!__ !____ !___! !___!   !_!__ !  _! !______ !____ !   ! !___! !   !   !____ ! ! !_! !__ !  _!   !
_!  ___!__ ! !   !____ !_!__   !___!  ___!   ! !   ! ! !_!____ ! ! !___!  ___! ! ! !  _!  _! ! ! !_!
_! !____  _! ! !  _!  _!  ___!____ ! !   ! !___! ! ! ! !  _____! ! !  _!__ !  _! !  _! !   ! ! !__ !
_!  __ !  ___! !__ ! !________ ! ! !___! ! !  ___! !__ !______ ! ! !__ !  _! ! ! ! ! !  _!___!  _! !
_! ! ! !_____! ! ! ! !  __ !  _! !__ !  _! ! !  _!__ !__ !  ___!  _!   !_______! ! ! ! ! !     !   !
_! ! !______ !__ ! !___! ! ! !  _____!   !___!____ !__ !_! !   ! !   ! !  _!  ___! !  _!__ ! ! ! ! !
_!______ ! !_____!____  _!___! !  ___! !__  ______ !  _!  _! !___! ! !___!  _!  _! !____ ! ! ! ! !_!
_!____ ! !  _!   !   !____  _! ! !  ___!  _!____ ! !_____!______ ! !____ ! !__ !  _!____ !_! ! !__ !
_!   ! ! !_____!___!__   !_____!___!  ___!    ___! !    ____ !  _!_!  __ !__ !________ !__  _!_!  _!
_! !___! !  __ !  _____!__ !  _______! !  _! !  ___! !__ ! ! ! !   !__ ! ! !__ !__  _! !  _!   !__ !
_! !   ! ! !__ !__ !   !  _!____ !   !  _! ! !____ ! !  _!  _!___!  ___!_____! !  _!  _!_!  _!____ !
_!  _!___!__ !__ !___! ! !__   ! ! ! !__ ! ! !  ___!_! ! !______ !_!  _________!   !____ !____ ! ! !
_!___________!_________!_____!___!_!_______!___________!_____________!___________!_____________!___!

Demo

Click here to see the code in action.

Maze Generator in Visual Basic 6

''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' Perfect Maze Generator '
'          Icey          '
'        Oct 2006        '
'      Public Domain     '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''

' this code is designed to be run from a module, using sub main

' all variables are declared
Option Explicit
' 0 is the most random, randomisation gets lower after that
' less randomisation means more straight corridors
Private Const RANDOMISATION As Integer = 5
' the spaces across - this must be an odd number
Private Const MAZE_X As Integer = 53
' the spaces down - this must be an odd number
Private Const MAZE_Y As Integer = 17
' used for storing the current square and squares potentially to move to
Private Type COORDS
    X As Integer
    Y As Integer
End Type
' stores the directions that corridors go in
Dim cDir(3) As COORDS
' these can be any odd numbers
Dim blnMaze(MAZE_X, MAZE_Y) As Boolean

Private Sub GenerateMaze()
    Dim cN As COORDS, cS As COORDS
    Dim intDir As Integer, intDone As Integer
    Dim blnBlocked As Boolean
    Randomize
    Erase blnMaze
    Do
        ' this code is used to make sure the numbers are odd
        cS.X = 2 + (Int(((MAZE_X - 1) * Rnd) / 2) * 2)
        cS.Y = 2 + (Int(((MAZE_Y - 1) * Rnd) / 2) * 2)
        ' first one is free!
        If intDone = 0 Then blnMaze(cS.X, cS.Y) = True
        If blnMaze(cS.X, cS.Y) Then
            ' always randomisation directions to start
            RandomDirections
            Do
                ' only randomisation directions, based on the constant
                If Int(RANDOMISATION * Rnd) = 0 Then RandomDirections
                blnBlocked = True
                ' loop through order of directions
                For intDir = 0 To 3
                    ' work out where this direction is
                    cN.X = cS.X + (cDir(intDir).X * 2)
                    cN.Y = cS.Y + (cDir(intDir).Y * 2)
                    ' check if the tile can be used
                    If IsFree(cN) Then
                        ' create a path
                        blnMaze(cN.X, cN.Y) = True
                        ' and the square inbetween
                        blnMaze(cS.X + cDir(intDir).X, cS.Y + cDir(intDir).Y) = True
                        ' this is now the current square
                        cS.X = cN.X
                        cS.Y = cN.Y
                        blnBlocked = False
                        ' increment paths created
                        intDone = intDone + 1
                        Exit For
                    End If
                Next
            ' loop until a path was created
            Loop Until blnBlocked
        End If
    ' create enough paths to fill the whole grid
    Loop While intDone + 1 < ((MAZE_X - 1) * (MAZE_Y - 1)) / 4
End Sub

' this changes the direction to go from the current square, to the next available
Private Sub RandomDirections()
    ' clear the array
    Erase cDir
    ' four possible sets of directions
    Select Case Int(3 * Rnd)
        Case 0
            cDir(0).X = -1: cDir(1).X = 1
            cDir(2).Y = -1: cDir(3).Y = 1
        Case 1
            cDir(3).X = -1: cDir(2).X = 1
            cDir(1).Y = -1: cDir(0).Y = 1
        Case 2
            cDir(2).X = -1: cDir(3).X = 1
            cDir(0).Y = -1: cDir(1).Y = 1
        Case 3
            cDir(1).X = -1: cDir(0).X = 1
            cDir(3).Y = -1: cDir(2).Y = 1
    End Select
End Sub

' checks if a tile is free for use
Private Function IsFree(cF As COORDS) As Boolean
    ' check it's within the grid
    If cF.X < MAZE_X And cF.X > 1 And cF.Y < MAZE_Y And cF.Y > 1 Then
        ' check it hasn't been used yet
        IsFree = (blnMaze(cF.X, cF.Y) = False)
    End If
End Function

' this code should be run from a module
' go to Project > [projectname] Properties
' and then select Sub Main from the Startup Object list
Sub Main()
    ' the maze is added to this string, which is then copied to the clipboard
    Dim strOutput As String
    GenerateMaze
    Dim A As Integer, B As Integer
    ' loop through squares
    For A = 1 To MAZE_Y
        For B = 1 To MAZE_X
            ' check if a path was created here
            If blnMaze(B, A) Then
                ' empty
                strOutput = strOutput & " "
            Else
                ' wall
                strOutput = strOutput & "#"
            End If
        Next
        ' go down to the next row
        strOutput = strOutput & vbNewLine
    Next
    Clipboard.Clear
    Clipboard.SetText strOutput
    ' tell the user what has happened
    MsgBox "Maze copied to the clipboard.", vbInformation, "Maze generator"
End Sub

Examples

Randomisation: 0

###########################################
#     #     #           #           #     #
# ### # ##### # # ##### ### ### # ### #####
# # # # #   # # #     #     # # # #       #
# # # # # # # # ##### ##### # # # # ##### #
# #   # # # # #   # #   #   #   #       # #
# ##### # # # ### # ### ######### ##### # #
#   #   # #   # # #   # #   # #   #   # # #
### ### # # ### # ### # # # # # ##### ### #
# # #   # # #   #   # #   # #         #   #
# # # ### # # # ### # # ### ########### ###
#   #     # # #   #   # # # #     # #   # #
# ######### # ######### # # # ### # # ### #
# # #   #   # #       #   # #   # # #   # #
# # # # # ### # # ### ### # ### # # ### # #
# # # # # #   # # # # #   #   # # #   #   #
# # # # # # ##### # # # ### # ### # # #####
# # # #   # #   # # #   # # #   #   # #   #
# # # ### # # # # # # ### # ### ##### # # #
# #     # # # # #   #     #   #       # # #
# ####### # # # ######### ### ########### #
#         #   #           #               #
###########################################

Randomisation: 5

#####################################################
#                 #   #   #                       # #
# ############### # # # # ##################### # # #
#       #   #   # # # # #                       # # #
####### # # # # # # # # ######################### # #
# #   # # #   # # # # # #                       # # #
# # # # ### ##### # # # # # ################### # # #
# # # # # #     # # # # # # #         #   #     # # #
# # # # # ### # # # # # ### ######### # # # # ### # #
# # # # # #   # #   # #   # #         # # # #   # # #
# # # # # ##### ##### # # # # ######### # # ### # # #
# # # # # #           # # # #         # # # #   # # #
# # # # # # ########### # # ######### # # # # ### # #
# # # # # #   #   #   # # # #   #   # # # # #   # # #
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### # # #
#   #   #   #   #   #   #   # #   #     #   #   #   #
#####################################################

See also

• Dynamically Sized Maze
• Maze Generation