Cellular automata
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"A regular array of identical finite state automata whose next state is determined solely by their current state and the state of their neighbours. The most widely seen is the Game of Life in which complex patterns emerge from a (supposedly infinite) square lattice of simple two state (living and dead) automata whose next state is determined solely by the current states of its four closest neighbours and itself." - http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/gpdata/glossary.html