C++
C++ (pronounced "see plus plus") is a general-purpose computer programming language. It is a statically typed free-form multi-paradigm language supporting procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming. During the 1990s, C++ became one of the most popular commercial programming languages. Strictly speaking, C++ is not a superset of C, but for all practical purposes one can consider it thus.
Differences in C++ from C
Features introduced in C++ include declarations as statements, function-like casts, new
/delete
, bool
, reference types, const
, inline
functions, default arguments, function overloading, namespaces, classes (including all class-related features such as inheritance, member functions, virtual functions, abstract classes, and constructors), operator overloading, templates, the ::
operator, exception handling, and run-time type identification.
C++ also performs more type checking than C in several cases.
Comments starting with two slashes ("//") were originally part of C's predecessor, BCPL, and were reintroduced in C++.
Several features of C++ were later adopted by C, including const
, inline
, declarations in for
loops, and C++-style comments (using the //
symbol). However, C99 also introduced
features that do not exist in C++, such as variadic macros and better handling of arrays as parameters.
Design of C++
In The Design and Evolution of C++ ISBN 0-201-54330-3, Bjarne Stroustrup describes some rules that he uses for the design of C++. Knowing the rules helps to understand why C++ is the way it is. The following is a summary of the rules. Much more detail can be found in The Design and Evolution of C++.
- C++ is designed to be a statically typed, general-purpose language that is as efficient and portable as C
- C++ is designed to directly and comprehensively support multiple programming styles (procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming)
- C++ is designed to give the programmer choice, even if this makes it possible for the programmer to choose incorrectly
- C++ is designed to be as compatible with C as possible, therefore providing a smooth transition from C
- C++ avoids features that are platform specific or not general purpose
- C++ does not incur overhead for features that are not used
- C++ is designed to function without a sophisticated programming environment
Please refer to the indepth book on C++ Internals by Stanley B. Lippman
(he worked on implementing/maintaining C-front the original C++ implementation
at Bell Labs).
"Inside the C++ Object Model" documents how the C++ compiler converts your program statements into an in-memory layout.
Roguelike Specific Details
C++ is a great language to write a rogue-like with. It has all the freedom of C, with some additional language features which can make a programmer's life easier (such as templates and classes).
C++ Roguelikes
- stable 3059
- defunct Abura Tan
- defunct The Abyss of Nah-Karr
- αlpha Adeo
- 7DRL Backwards Gravity
- stable Decker
- stable Deliantra
- βeta DemiseRL
- βeta Doryen arena
- αlpha Downfall
- 7DRL DungeonMinder
- 7DRL Fatherhood
- 7DRL The Favored
- stable Frozen Depths
- αlpha Geminum Orbis
- stable Get Out!!
- βeta Incursion
- stable IVAN
- 7DRL Jacob's Matrix
- αlpha Kaduria
- βeta Labyrinth of Reptoran
- βeta Lair of the Demon Ape
- defunct The Legend of Saladir
- βeta Letrain
- 7DRL Letter Hunt
- stable Linley's Dungeon Crawl
- 7DRL Magic Monsters
- βeta Nazghul
- αlpha Papaki
- αlpha Peleron's Brilliant Rebirth
- stable POWDER
- βeta PrinceVSZombies
- 7DRL Rogue Mercenaries
- defunct QuickQuest
- 7DRL Save Scummer
- stable SCOURGE
- βeta Slaves to Armok II: Dwarf Fortress
- 7DRL True God
- αlpha Underbooks
- 7DRL Warlock of Firetop Mountain
- βeta Warlock's Mountain
- defunct The Woods of Torbin
- βeta Xenocide
- 7DRL You Only Live Once
- αlpha Zaiband